Kalanchoe longiflora aka Tugela Cliff Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe longiflora is a compact succulent shrublet that typically reaches 40cm (16 inches) in height with a spread of up to 60cm. It has distinctive 4-angled, decumbent (spreading) branches that become woody at the base. The growth rate is moderate for a succulent, and the plant can be encouraged to grow more vigorously with regular feeding during its active growth period.

Kalanchoe longiflora thrives in warm temperatures between 18-32°C (64-90°F). It is not frost-hardy and should be protected from temperatures below -1°C (30°F). The plant becomes dormant when temperatures exceed 33°C (91°F). In climates with cold winters, it should be grown in containers that can be moved indoors when frost threatens.

Kalanchoe longiflora produces clusters of yellow to orange tubular flowers from autumn to winter. The flowers are distinctive with elongated corolla tubes measuring 11-14mm long—the species name 'longiflora' means 'long flowered' in Latin. The blooms appear in dense, multi-flowered clusters at the ends of branches and are quite attractive against the bluish-grey foliage.

The most commonly cultivated form is Kalanchoe longiflora var. coccinea, which displays more intense reddish-brown coloration on the leaf margins when grown in bright light. This variety is widely available in the succulent trade. The species is sometimes confused with Kalanchoe sexangularis, but can be distinguished by its 4-angled stems (versus cylindrical in K. sexangularis) and longer corolla tubes (11-14mm versus 7-10mm).

Kalanchoe longiflora can be grown outdoors year-round in USDA zones 10-11, where temperatures stay above -1°C (30°F). It is excellent for rock gardens, retaining walls, and water-wise gardens. In colder climates, grow it in containers that can be moved indoors before frost. The plant appreciates well-drained, rocky soil similar to its native cliff habitat in South Africa.

Kalanchoe longiflora has an unusual growth cycle—it is actively growing in autumn and winter when it flowers, and goes dormant during summer. Water moderately during the active growth period (fall-winter), then reduce watering significantly during summer dormancy. Resume regular watering when new growth appears in autumn. Fertilize during the active growth season only.

Kalanchoe longiflora propagates easily from stem cuttings. Use a clean, sharp knife to remove a stem section, then let the cutting callus (dry) for several days before placing on well-draining soil. No rooting hormone is needed—cuttings root readily even when planted directly in the ground. In nature, broken branches that fall to the ground root spontaneously if they land on soil.

Repot Kalanchoe longiflora every few years or when it outgrows its container. Handle carefully as the fleshy leaves are brittle and can snap off easily. Use clay pots with drainage holes and fresh well-draining cactus mix. The best time to repot is at the start of the active growing season in early autumn.

Kalanchoe longiflora generally requires minimal pruning. You can remove spent flower stalks after blooming and trim back leggy stems to encourage bushier growth. Any stem cuttings can be used for propagation. Handle with care as the leaves are brittle and break easily—this is actually an adaptation that helps the plant spread in nature.

Kalanchoe longiflora is susceptible to spider mites and aphids, particularly when overwatered. Root rot is the most common problem, caused by excessive moisture or poorly draining soil. Mealybugs may also appear in leaf axils. Maintain good air circulation, avoid overwatering, and inspect regularly. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Yellow leaves on Kalanchoe longiflora typically indicate overwatering or poor drainage. The roots may be sitting in soggy soil, leading to root rot. Check that your pot has drainage holes and the soil dries completely between waterings. Yellow lower leaves that fall off naturally are normal as the plant matures—it naturally sheds older leaves from the base.

Brown leaf tips or edges on Kalanchoe longiflora often result from too much direct intense sunlight, which can burn the leaves. While the plant enjoys bright light and some direct sun, harsh afternoon sun can cause damage. Brown, mushy leaves indicate overwatering or rot. Note that reddish-brown edges are normal when grown in bright light—this is the natural coloration.

Drooping in Kalanchoe longiflora usually signals underwatering—the fleshy leaves are depleting their water reserves. Give the plant a thorough soak and it should recover within a day or two. Conversely, if the stems are soft and mushy rather than just limp, overwatering and root rot may be the cause, which requires allowing the soil to dry and possibly repotting in fresh, dry soil.

Kalanchoe longiflora is endemic to a small area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, specifically the central Tugela River catchment basin. It is a cliff-dwelling plant (cremnophyte) found on rock faces and shale slopes at altitudes of 800-1700m. This restricted range of approximately 16 km² makes it a rare species classified as Vulnerable. Historical records from outside this area are suspected to be misidentifications of the similar species K. sexangularis.