Crocosmia aka Crocosmia

Crocosmia typically reaches 60-90cm (2-3 feet) in height, though taller cultivars like 'Lucifer' can grow to 1.2m (4 feet). The plants have a narrow, upright habit with individual clumps spreading only 10-15cm wide, though they multiply over time to form larger colonies. Growth rate is moderate, with established clumps producing more flowering stems each year.

Crocosmia is native to the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa, with its range extending from South Africa northward to Sudan. One species (C. aurea) is found as far as Madagascar. In its native habitat, Crocosmia grows in moist grasslands, along stream banks, and at forest edges, often forming large colonies.

Division every 3-5 years prevents overcrowding and maintains vigor. Seeds can also be sown but take 2-3 years to reach flowering size. Store lifted corms in peat or vermiculite at 2-7°C (35-45°F) over winter in cold climates.

Crocosmia produces tubular or funnel-shaped flowers from mid-summer through early autumn, typically July through September. Flowers appear on arching or upright spikes in vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow. Each spike carries numerous blooms that open progressively from bottom to top, providing weeks of colour. The flowers are excellent for cutting and emit a subtle saffron-like scent when dampened.

In its native South Africa, Crocosmia is primarily pollinated by sunbirds, and the curved flower shape appears to have co-evolved with their curved bills. Some species like C. aurea are also visited by large swallowtail butterflies. In North American gardens, hummingbirds readily visit Crocosmia flowers, attracted by the tubular red and orange blooms and abundant nectar.

'Lucifer' is the most popular cultivar, featuring bright red flowers on 1.2m stems and exceptional cold hardiness to zone 5. 'Emily McKenzie' offers vibrant orange flowers with distinctive mahogany-red markings around the throat on compact 60-75cm plants. 'George Davison' (dating from 1902) produces golden-yellow flowers on 60cm stems. Other notable varieties include 'Comet' (yellow with red streaks), 'Emberglow' (dark red), and 'Culzean Pink' (pink flowers).

Crocosmia is hardy in USDA zones 5-9 (UK zones H5-H6) and can remain in the ground year-round in these areas. In zone 5, apply a thick mulch layer in late autumn for winter protection. In colder zones (4 and below), lift corms after the first frost, dry them, and store in a cool place (2-7°C) until spring. Even in mild climates, corms benefit from well-drained soil to prevent winter rot.

Crocosmia generally requires minimal feeding when grown in reasonably fertile soil. Apply a balanced fertilizer or Growmore in spring only if soil is poor. For container-grown plants, apply a high-potassium liquid feed (such as tomato fertilizer) fortnightly throughout summer to support flowering. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers which encourage foliage at the expense of blooms.

Crocosmia is generally trouble-free with few serious pest or disease problems. The main concern is twospotted spider mites, which can occur in hot, dry conditions; hosing foliage with a strong water spray helps dislodge and discourage them. Poor flowering often results from overcrowding rather than pests, which is remedied by dividing clumps every 3-5 years. Ensure good drainage to prevent corm rot in wet soils.

After flowering, leave Crocosmia foliage in place until it dies back naturally, as the leaves provide energy to the corms for next year's growth. Cut back spent foliage to ground level in late autumn or early spring once it has yellowed or browned. Deadhead spent flower spikes if you want to prevent self-seeding. Taller varieties over 1.2m may need staking in exposed positions to prevent flopping in wet, windy weather.

In spring, plant corms 5cm deep after frost danger passes and begin watering as growth emerges. During summer, maintain consistent moisture and stake tall varieties if needed. After autumn flowering ends, allow foliage to yellow naturally before cutting back. In winter, mulch heavily in zones 5-6 for protection, or lift corms in colder areas and store at 2-7°C in peat or vermiculite. Divide overcrowded clumps in early spring every 3-5 years.

Crocosmia is semi-hardy, with established plants tolerating temperatures down to -10°C to -15°C (14°F to 5°F) with mulch protection. NC State notes injury occurs below -2°C (28°F) for exposed foliage. The hardiest cultivar, 'Lucifer', survives reliably in USDA zone 5 and sometimes zone 4. Corms should be lifted and stored at 2-7°C (35-45°F) in areas with harsh winters below zone 5.

Crocosmia flowers emit a subtle, saffron-like scent when dampened. The genus name actually derives from the Greek words 'krokos' (saffron) and 'osme' (odour), referring to the scent of dried leaves when soaked in water. This fragrance is delicate rather than strong and may not be noticeable in the garden but can be appreciated in cut flower arrangements.

With its straightforward care requirements, Crocosmia is a hassle-free plant that anyone can enjoy.

Crocosmia should be watered regularly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.

Crocosmia is very sensitive to dry soil. To ensure your Falling Stars is thriving and blooming, choose a potting soil that retains moisture. A good soil should still allow for adequate drainage and contain lots of organic matter. Coco coir or sphagnum moss are great soil additives that will help to retain moisture and provide your Coppertip with the nutrients it needs for healthy growth. Make sure to mix these soil additives into the potting soil before planting and water the soil thoroughly. By providing your Crocosmia with a well-draining, moisture-retaining soil, you can help to maximize its growth and keep it blooming.

Crocosmia thrives in bright and direct sunlight. To ensure your plant receives enough light to survive, place it less than one foot from a window. The current weather in your area may affect the placement in your home. For example, if you live in a region that has longer and more intense periods of sunlight, then you may want to place the plant farther away from the window to avoid direct sunlight and reduce the risk of sunburn. Alternatively, if you live in a region with relatively milder temperatures and less intense sunlight, then you may be able to place the plant closer to the window for increased exposure. Ultimately, the current weather in your area should be taken into consideration when determining the best placement for your Falling Stars.

There is no verified data on the toxicity of this plant in the records of Ploi. If any person, including yourself, a family member, or a pet, consume plant material with an uncertain toxicity level, it is advisable to seek the advice of a healthcare expert.